1. INTRODUCTION:

Fresh water, a scarce natural resource, is subjected to diverse uses for sustenance of human civilization. Conscious use of water in a sustainable manner can overcome the concerns of water availability and quality to maximum extents. The present study aims at the assessment of the water quality index in Brahmani River and in Odisha.

2. Study Area:

Brahmani, the second major river in Odisha, is formed by the combined waters of South Koel and Sankh rivers at Vedvyasa near Rourkela in the Sundargarh district. The left bank tributary South Koel originates near Nagri village in the Ranchi district of Jharkhand state. After its confluence with river Karo in Singhbhum district, it is known as Koel. From Manoharpur, it flows in the south-west direction for a distance of about 54 km upto Vedvyasa where the right bank tributary Sankh joins with it.

River Sankh originates at an elevation of 1000 m near village Lupungpat in Ranchi district of Jharkhand state.

The basin area of river Brahmani in Odisha constitutes 57.63 % of the total basin area. The basin covers 9 revenue districts of the State. Major towns located on the bank of Brahmaniriver are Rourkela, Angul, Talcher and Dhenkanal.

Area coverage of districts (in percentage) in Brahmani River

3. Sampling Procedure and Sample analysis:

Surface waters were collected from all the rivers and streams on a monthly basis and segmented as per three seasons’ postmoonson, winter and summer for the year 2006. The samples were analysed using standard procedure (APHA 1989). The pH of water samples was measured in the field. Samples were subjected to filtration prior to chemical analysis. The determination of TDS was done by a gravimetric process, while the total hardness was carried out by EDTA complexometric titration method, (APHA 1989). The Winkler’s method was followed for the analysis of DO and BOD. Nitrate was determined by colorimetric procedure (APHA 1989). Fecal coliform population was analysed by MPN/100ml method, by growing on M-FC medium at temperature 44.5° ± 1°C and counted after 48 hrs.

4. Use based water quality status:

4.1 Water quality in respect of primary criteria:

The seasonal average values of pH, DO, BOD and TC in Baitarani river at Joda, Anandpur, Jajpur and Chandbali U/s, in Kusei river at Deogaon, in Dhamrariver at Dhamra pertaining to the period 2011-2015 are described in Tables 5.1 – 5.2. The seasonal average values of pH, DO, BOD and TC in Baitarani river at Chandbali D/s, in Salandiriver at Bhadrak U/s and Bhadrak D/s pertaining to the period 2014-2015 are described in Tables 2 – 3.

4.1.1 pH and DO :

As may be seen from the data, the pH and DO values in Baitarani river show more orless a stable pattern throughout the river stretch. The seasonal average value of pH varies within the range 7.0-8.5. The water at all the monitoring station is fairly rich in oxygen. Both the parameters at all the nine stations conform to the quality criteria for Class-A.

4.1.2 BOD :

The seasonal average values of BOD at all the monitoring stations excluding Bhadrak D/s onone occasion (winter, 2014) generally conform to Class-C. The monthly BOD values at these nine stations also conform to Class-C except on one occasion at Jajpur (September, 2011) and twice at Bhadrak D/s (February and May, 2014).

4.1.3 TC :

Total coliform count at none of the stations generally conform to Class-A or Class-B water. Themagnitudes and frequency of violations of TC from the stipulated value (less than 5000 MPN/100 ml) at all the nine stations do not warrant the water quality to be classified as Class-C. Wide fluctuations in the TC values have been observed during the study period.

The annual average and range of BOD and TC values at all the 9 monitoring stations are given in Table 5.4. Frequency of violation of BOD and TC values from the stipulated values (3.0 mg/l and 5000 MPN/100 ml respectively) are also given in Table 5.4.

Percent violations of BOD during the study period at all stations are presented in Fig. 1 . From the data and figures, it is evident that BOD at Jajpur is violated only 2% of total observations, while at Bhadrak D/s, BOD is violated 9% of time of total observations.

Spatial variation of annual average values of BOD and TC during the period 2011-2015 in the stretches of Baitarani river system revealed that, annual average of BOD conforms to Class-C at all the monitoring stations. Whereas, the annual average of TC violated the tolerance limit for Class-C at all stations always except at Joda during 2011.

4.1.4 Free Ammonia :

The annual average and range values of ammonical nitrogen and free ammonia are given in Table 5.5. Free ammonia values at all stations conform to the stipulated value (1.2 mg/l, max) for Class-D inland surface water (Fish culture and wildlife propagation). A decreasing pattern in ammonical nitrogen values over the years at all the stations has been observed. However, no such regular pattern is observed in free ammonia values as free ammonia concentration is dependent upon both pH and ammonical nitrogen.

4.1.5 EC, SAR, B :

Seasonal average values of EC at the 9 monitoring stations are given in Table 5.6. It is quite evident from the data that EC values for Joda, Anandpur, Jajpur, Deogaon, Bhadrak U/s and Bhadrak D/s satisfy the requirements for Class D/E. EC values at Chandbali U/s, D/s and Dhamra exhibit a wide range of fluctuation because of tidal influence on the river as these three monitoring stations are close to the muhan of the rivers.

Annual average and range value of SAR and B values at these monitoring stations SAR and B values at Joda, Anandpur, Jajpur, Deogaon, Bhadrak U/s and Bhadrak D/s are far too low compared to the stipulated values in Table 4 to cause any concern for suitability of the river water to be used for irrigation. Very high and fluctuating values of SAR at Chandbali U/s Chandbali D/s and Dhamra are due to tidal effect, which makes the river water at these stations unsuitable for irrigation.

5.1. Water quality in respect of other parameters:

5.1.1 TDS and Total Hardness :

Annual average and range values of total dissoloved solids (TDS) and total hardness (TH) during the period 2011- 2015 are given in Table 5.8. TDS and total hardness values at Joda, Anandpur, Jajpur, Deogaon, Bhadrak U/s and Bhadrak D/s conform to Class-A . In terms of degree of hardness, the river water at these six monitoring stations vary from soft (0-60 mg/l) to moderately hard (61-120 mg/l) category . High values of TDS and TH observed at Chandbali U/s, D/s and Dhamra are evidently due to tidal impact.

5.1.2 Nitrates :

Annual average and range values of nitrate during the period 2011- 2015 are given in Table 5.9. The annual average of nitrate concentrations have never exceeded the stipulated value (20 mg/l) for Class-A water, though occasional deviation of monthly nitrate values from the stipulated value for Class-A has been observed in Baitarani river at Joda (2012), Kusei river at Deogaon (2012) and Dhamra river at Dhamra (2015). However, the monthly nitrate concentration never exceeded the stipulated limit of 50 mg/l for Class-C.

5.1.3 Chloride, Sulphates and Fluorides :

Annual average ang range values of for chlorides, sulphates and fluorides at these monitoring stations during the period 2011-2015 are given in Table 5.10. A comparison of these values with the stipulated limits for Class-A revealed that, water quality in respect of chlorides, sulphates and fluorides at Joda, Anandpur, Jajpur and Deogaon conform to the highest class. Chloride values are too high at Chandbali U/s and D/s and Dhamra, on some occasions and the water quality do not conform to Class-E for irrigation. Excepting few occasions, sulphate content at Dhamra has always exceeded the limit even for irrigation water (1000 mg/l). High values of chrloride and sulphate at Chandbali U/s and D/s and Dhamra are due to tidal impacts on the rivers. Fluoride concentrations at these three monitoring stations remained well within the tolerance limit of 1.5 mg/l.

5.1.4 Heavy Metals:

Concentrations of chromium (VI) and mercury during the period 2014 and 2015.data represent the annual average and range of concentrations of total chromium, iron, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium and lead respectively during the period 2011-2015. From the tables it is observed that the values of these metals are well within the respective tolerance limits, except very high values of iron in Baitarani river at Joda and in Kusei river at Deogaon during monsoon period of 2012.

5.1.5 Use based classification:

From the water quality data and frequency of violation discussions, it may be reasonable to conclude that the water quality a Joda, Anandpur, Jajpur, Deogaon, Bhadrak U/s and Bhadrak D/s qualify for Class-D/E. TC is the water quality downgrading parameter at these stations. Water quality at Chandbali and Dhamra does not qualify even for Class-E beacuase of tidal impact.

5.2 Biological assessment of water quality:

As Board has not established any biomonitoring stations in this basin, biological assessment of the river stretch could not be carried out.

5.3 Water quality in terms of wholesomeness:

5.3.1 Wholesomeness in terms of regular parameters:

The wholesomeness of water quality at these 9 monitoring stations have been assessed with respect to general parameters specified in Table 2.7. Of the eight parameters results for bioassay are not available and therefore, the water quality are assessed with regard to the remaining seven parameters. Annual average and range values of (Nitrite + Nitrate)- N at the monitoring stations are given in Table 5.12. Annual average and range values of total suspended solids (TSS) including monsoon period and excluding monsoon period are given in Table 5.13. Considering pH, DO, EC, (Nitrite + Nitrate)-N values, the level of wholesomeness of the river water may be considered as “excellent ” except at Deogaon during 2012 when the water quality is of “desirable” level. With regard to BOD, the water level at all stations mostly remained at “desirable” level. However, water quality with regard to the parameter TSS (during non-monsoon period) was not in “acceptable” level.

However, the situation changes entirely on introduction of FC values in the above assessment. Investigation on the data (percent violation of FC values from 2000 MPN/100 ml) shows that the water quality in the entire stretch not even "acceptable" during most part of the period under report.

5.3.2 Wholesomeness in terms of special parameters

Annual average and range values of total ammonical nitrogen ((ammonium+ammonia)-N) at all the monitoring stations are given in Table 5.5 which reveals that water quality at all stations with respect to total ammonical nitrogen during most period of 2011, 2012 and 2013 were in acceptable level, but during 2014 and 2015 were in “Excellent” level.

From the annual average and range values of total phosphate-P observed that the water quality at most of the stations are not within the period of study. , it is acceptable limits under the Annual average and range values of TKN values during 2011-2015,It has been observed that annual average values of TKN at most of the monitored locations do not meet the acceptable limit of 3.0 mg/l during 2011 and 2012 and 2013. However, during 2014 and 2015, annual average values of TKN as well as the monthly TKN values at all stations remain within the “Desirable” limit.

It is seen that the annual average as well as monthly data on concentrations of metals like total chromium, zinc, copper, nickel, lead, cadmium and mercury in the river water at all station are within the “acceptable” limits.

5.4 Water quality in terms of cod and alkalinity:

Values of COD and alkalinity at Joda, Anandpur, Jajpur, Deogaon, Bhadrak U/s and Bhadrak D/s conform to the acceptable limit for most of the beneficial uses of water. However, due to tidal impact, COD values at Chandbali U/s, D/s and Dhamra most of the time exhibited high values.

5.5 Water quality trend:

5.5.1 Baitarani River:

There are no large towns or highly water polluting industries on the bank of Baitarani river. Joda was the centre of major iron ore mining activities till 2012 afterwhich the mining activities has been decreased significantly. Anandpur and Jajpur are sub-division and district headquarters respectively. Jajpur is an important religious place for Hindus. Nevertheless, all the three towns are small in terms of population (less than 40,000) and as such the pollution load is not very high. This is reflected in the quality of water at these three places, particularly during recent years. Excluding the coliform values, the water qualities at these stations very nearly conform to Class B/C. With the inclusion of TC, the water quality does not conform to Class-C. Such deterirarion in water quality may be attributed to the instream activities on the river.

As the river enters its tidal zone at Chandbali, there is significant deterioration in the water quality due to tidal effect (higher EC, Chlorides, sulfate, SAR values) which makes the water unsuitable for most of the beneficial uses of the water.

5.5.2 Kusei River:

Kusei river is a small river (catchment area : 870 sq km ) flowing through the Daitari mining area and has its confluence with Baitarani river near Anandpur. Water quality of this river at Deogaon does not conform to Class-C with respect to TC.

5.5.3 Salandi river:

Salandiriver originates from the Maghasani hills of Similpalhilla range in Odisha. It passes through Mayurbhanj, Keonjhar and Bhadrak district. It has a total length of 144 km and has a catchment area of 1793 sq km. The river joins Baitarani river at Tinitar near Aradi in Bhadrak district. The river water quality has been monitored at the upstream and downstream of Bhadrak town. Though the criteria pollutant BOD conforms to the tolerance limit of Class-C, water quality at this station do not Conform to Class-C with respect to another criteria pollutant, TC.

5.5.4 Dhamra River:

After confluence of Baitarani river with Brahmaniriver, the river till its outfall into Bay of Bengal is known as Dhamra river. Water quality of Dhamrariver is greatly influenced by the tidal effect and the water becomes unsuitable for almost all beneficial uses of inland surface water.

5.6 Polluted river monitoring stations in baitarani river system:

The monitoring stations of rivers in Baitarani river systems not meeting the tolerance limit of 3.0 mg/l for the criteria parameter BOD of Class-C are identified as polluted river monitoring stations and have been categorized into different priority classes as proposed by CPCB. Comparison of BOD data obtained during the period 2011-2015 (Table 4) with the tolerance limits for Class-C revealed that there are two polluted river monitoring stations. The list of polluted river monitoring stations with annual BOD range and priority class on Baitarani river and Bhadrak D/s (Prioirty-V) on Salandi river have been identified as the polluted river monitoring stations.

5.7 Water quality index of monitoring stations in Baitarani river system:

The Canadian Water Quality Indices (CWQI) of 9 monitoring stations on Baitarani river system are calculated for the period 2011-2015 (Table 5.20). For the CWQI evaluation, four critical variables such as pH, DO, BOD and TC are taken into consideration. Based on the CWQI values, the water quality of the monitoring stations are ranked into five categories as recommended. As evident from the CWQI ranks, water quality of Baitarani river at Joda remained within Fair-Good category during the study period. Water quality varied within Fair-Excellent at Anandpur, within Fair-Good at Jajpur. Investigation into the CWQI score values, it has been observed that frequency of deviation of TC values as well as magnitude of deviation from the tolerance limit is the contributing factor towards the lowering of the water quality. Though there is no definite source of pollution in these monitoring stations, the instream activities are responsible for the occasional deviation of TC values beyond the tolerance limits.

The CWQI score at Chandbali U/s, Chandbali D/s and Dhamra calculated using pH, DO, BOD and TC as variables, remained within Marginal-Fair during the study period. However, as these three stations are very close to the mouth of the river, the major water quality determining parameters in such cases are EC, chloride, sulfate, calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium^1,2,3,4,5. Therefore, recalculation of CWQI score considering EC, SAR (calculated from calcium, magnesium and sodium), chloride, sulfate, TDS and boron as the variables and comparing them with the respective tolerance limits for irrigation water quality, it has been observed that water quality at Chandbali U/s varied within Poor-Fair category (CWQI Score : 42.96-66.67), at Chandbali D/s varied within Poor-Marginal category (CWQI Score : 38.24-56.50) and at Dhamra remained at Poor category (CWQI Score : 13.76-19.40). The water quality downgrading parameters are EC, SAR, chloride, sulfate and TDS which owes its origin from the tidal effect^6,7,8,9,10.

Water quality of Kuseiriver at Deogaon was in Marginal category. Water quality of Salandi river at the upstream of Bhadrak town was in Fair category , whereas water quality at downstream of the town was in Marginal category. TC was the water quality downgrading parameter in Kuseiriver at Deogaon and in Salandi river along Bhadrak town.

Table. 1 Seasonal average values of pH, DO, BOD and TC in Baitarani river at Joda, Anandpur, Jajpur, Chandbali U/s

Parameter	Year		Joda				Anandpur
		W	S	M	PM	W	S	M	PM	W
pH	2011	7.7	7.6	7.4	7.8	7.9	7.8	7.5	7.9	8.0
	2012	7.9	7.7	7.5	7.9	7.9	8.0	7.5	7.5	8.2
	2013	7.5	7.7	7.4	7.7	8.2	8.0	7.4	8.0	8.1
	2014	7.7	8.0	7.2	8.2	7.6	8.1	7.0	8.0	7.6
	2015	7.7	7.8	7.9	7.7	7.9	7.9	7.9	8.0	8.0
DO (mg/l)	2011	9.5	7.5	6.2	7.2	9.0	7.0	6.1	6.9	10.6
	2012	8.7	6.7	7.6	8.5	8.2	6.7	8.7	7.9	9.0
	2013	8.3	7.4	6.9	7.9	8.0	6.8	6.9	7.5	8.1
	2014	8.5	7.0	7.2	7.8	9.0	6.9	7.2	8.2	8.2
	2015	8.6	6.9	6.5	8.3	8.8	7.2	6.2	7.7	8.3
BOD (mg/l)	2011	1.6	2.1	1.3	1.0	1.7	1.9	1.8	1.2	2.3
	2012	1.4	1.5	1.8	1.3	1.1	1.4	1.7	1.1	1.8
	2013	2.1	1.6	0.6	0.6	1.9	1.9	1.1	1.1	2.3
	2014	0.5	0.6	1.2	1.0	0.7	0.7	1.3	1.0	1.3
	2015	0.8	1.1	1.2	0.6	0.9	1.1	1.4	0.6	2.5
TC (‘00) (MPN/ 100 ml)	2011	9.00	19.23	17.00	9.50	19.00	43.75	112.00	38.00	26.00
	2012	12.13	27.50	66.67	12.45	133.00	56.50	68.67	16.50	63.00
	2013	47.67	54.83	49.30	11.00	47.67	69.75	234.33	2.30	31.67
	2014	49.00	13.20	625.00	64.00	130.00	43.23	201.00	410.00	240.00
	2015	9.60	31.40	100.33	19.50	19.97	64.23	123.00	85.50	46.67

Parameter	Year		Jajpur				Chandbali U/s
		W	S	M	PM	W	S	M	PM
pH	2011	7.7	8.0	8.1	8.0	7.9	7.6	7.7	7.9
	2012	7.9	7.7	7.3	7.8	7.9	7.7	7.8	7.8
	2013	7.5	8.2	7.6	8.0	8.2	7.9	7.7	7.4
	2014	7.7	8.3	7.6	8.0	7.7	7.8	7.5	8.0
	2015	7.7	8.3	7.8	8.3	7.5	7.9	7.8	7.7
DO (mg/l)	2011	9.5	7.1	6.9	8.1	9.4	6.4	5.6	6.3
	2012	8.7	6.6	8.0	6.0	8.0	6.5	8.0	7.7
	2013	8.3	7.2	6.9	7.0	7.5	6.8	6.1	4.5
	2014	8.5	6.9	6.8	8.3	7.1	6.4	5.9	6.6
	2015	8.6	7.1	7.2	7.5	7.6	6.8	6.0	6.1
BOD (mg/l)	2011	1.6	2.3	2.6	1.3	1.4	2.0	2.5	1.2
	2012	1.4	1.9	2.1	2.0	1.2	2.1	0.6	1.4
	2013	2.1	2.1	1.7	1.5	1.9	1.2	1.0	0.9
	2014	0.5	1.8	1.6	1.7	1.8	0.9	1.2	1.1
	2015	0.8	1.9	1.9	0.9	1.6	1.8	1.5	0.9
TC (‘00) (MPN/ 100 ml)	2011	9.00	56.00	206.50	67.50	37.50	72.75	286.50	26.50
	2012	12.13	107.25	95.33	107.00	22.00	86.75	110.33	54.00
	2013	47.67	81.75	254.67	70.00	47.67	29.85	55.00	35.00
	2014	49.00	163.00	114.67	1260.00	1600.00	535.00	413.33	920.00
	2015	9.60	126.00	210.00	147.00	856.33	154.50	540.00	920.00

Table.2 Seasonal average values of pH, DO, BOD and TC in Baitarani river at Chandbali D/s, in Kusei river at Deogaon and in Dhamra river at Dhamra

Parameter	Year	Chandbali D/s				Deogaon				Dhamra
Parameter		W	S	M	PM	W	S	M	PM	W	S	M	PM
pH	2011	-	-	-	-	8.2	8.0	7.8	8.2	7.9	7.7	7.5	7.4
	2012	-	-	-	-	8.2	8.2	7.9	8.1	7.9	7.8	7.2	8.0
	2013	-	-	-	-	8.4	7.9	8.0	8.1	7.7	7.6	7.5	7.4
	2014	7.8	7.7	7.5	7.8	8.0	8.2	7.9	8.1	7.8	8.0	7.7	7.9
	2015	7.7	7.9	7.3	7.8	8.3	8.1	8.0	8.3	7.9	7.9	7.9	7.9
DO (mg/l)	2011	-	-	-	-	8.9	7.5	6.0	7.1	7.6	6.2	5.8	6.3
	2012	-	-	-	-	9.1	7.1	8.2	8.8	7.6	6.2	7.4	7.5
	2013	-	-	-	-	8.2	7.3	6.4	7.3	7.7	6.0	5.7	5.1
	2014	7.0	6.1	5.8	6.4	8.2	6.7	6.9	8.2	6.5	5.8	5.4	6.2
	2015	7.2	7.2	5.8	6.1	9.0	7.1	6.5	8.4	6.7	6.2	5.5	5.6
BOD (mg/l)	2011	-	-	-	-	1.3	1.3	1.1	1.4	2.3	1.3	1.2	2.5
	2012	-	-	-	-	0.9	1.5	1.8	1.5	1.8	2.2	0.8	1.0
	2013	-	-	-	-	1.7	2.1	0.9	0.4	2.1	1.8	0.9	2.4
	2014	2.0	1.3	1.1	1.5	0.5	0.5	1.2	1.2	1.7	1.0	1.2	0.9
	2015	1.8	1.5	2.1	1.5	0.8	0.9	1.1	0.9	2.4	2.2	1.6	1.5
TC (‘00) (MPN/ 100 ml)	2011	-	-	-	-	31.20	30.50	39.00	12.20	12.70	8.53	174.67	4.70
	2012	-	-	-	-	14.10	27.33	92.00	24.00	14.57	6.88	60.33	26.20
	2013	-	-	-	-	17.10	93.00	79.33	3.30	48.00	16.23	167.33	160.00
	2014	240.00	550.00	893.33	295.00	24.00	48.33	203.33	120.00	35.00	44.06	160.00	97.50
	2015	866.33	331.00	730.00	410.00	60.33	159.00	230.00	202.00	95.67	54.75	160.00	97.50

Table 3 Seasonal average values of pH, DO, BOD and TC in Salandi river at Bhadrak U/s and Bhadrak D/s

Parameter	Year		Bhadrak U/s				Bhadrak D/s
		W	S	M	PM	W	S	M	PM
pH	2014	7.0	8.1	7.6	7.7	8.3	8.3	7.4	7.5
pH	2015	7.5	8.1	7.9	8.3	7.9	8.0	7.9	8.3
DO (mg/l)	2014	8.5	7.4	6.7	8.1	10.3	8.0	6.6	7.6
DO (mg/l)	2015	8.2	7.0	5.8	7.4	8.9	6.6	5.5	6.6
BOD (mg/l)	2014	1.0	0.7	0.8	0.9	3.6	1.5	1.4	1.9
BOD (mg/l)	2015	1.4	0.9	1.1	0.4	2.4	2.3	1.7	0.9
TC (‘00) ml)	2014	240.00	335.25	719.00	125.00	33.00	259.00	920.00	445.00
TC (‘00) ml)	2015	880.00	127.25	253.33	285.00	200.00	182.50	413.33	350.00

Table 4 Annual average and range values of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)

Monitoring Station	2011	2012	2013 COD (mg/l)	2014	2015
Joda	10.8(4.1-16.2)	9.9(6.9-16.4)	11.1(2.0-18.9)	8.6(3.8-20.9)	8.4(2.0-18.5)
Anandpur	12.8(6.1-24.2)	9.5(7.4-13.6)	11.8(2.2-19.8)	8.8(1.9-15.2)	8.8(2.0-17.8)
Jajpur	14.7(6.8-24.5)	11.8(7.1-20.8)	13.3(2.1-22.0)	15.5(7.6-28.3)	14.5(9.2-23.5)
Chandbali U/s	19.4(6.3-29.7)	16.5(7.8-23.7)	14.8(1.6-24.6)	16.9(4.9-39.6)	23.7(5.2-78.8)
Chandbali D/s	-	-	-	23.0(10.2-43.6)	25.4(12.2-59.1)
Deogaon(Kusei)	10.0(6.0-17.8)	9.6(5.9-13.6)	10.1(1.5-26.0)	8.6(3.3-17.2)	7.7(4.1-15.8)
Bhadrak U/s(Salandi)	-	-	-	9.3(4.8-19.8)	7.7(5.7-9.8)
Bhadrak D/s(Salandi)	-	-	-	13.9(6.5-25.7)	19.9(9.9-76.8)
Dhamra(Dhamra)	30.5(6.1-69.0)	20.8(7.8-45.0)	22.5(1.7-39.8)	28.4(8.6-62.4)	29.2(11.4-72.0)

Table 5 Annual average and range values of Total suspended solids (TSS)

Monitoring Station		2011	2012	2013 TSS (mg/l)	2014	2015
Joda	IM	192(13-804)	182(16-1020)	186(22-1252)	14(8-724)	38(6-111)
Joda	NM	81(13-214)	40(16-1020)	225(22-1252)	93(8-199)	21(6-80)
Anandpur	IM	88(5-261)	106(5-402)	101(8-424)	124(10-864)	29(4-80)
Anandpur	NM	87(5-261)	53(5-128)	96(8-424)	27(10-73)	16(4-50)
Jajpur	IM	153(31-564)	101(23-298)	134(28-416)	59(8-371)	23(6-85)
Jajpur	NM	62(31-217)	60(23-140)	89(28-276)	20(8-43)	12(6-25)
Chandbali U/s	IM	272(72-642)	239(60-812)	151(38-364)	234(45-926)	150(38-759)
Chandbali U/s	NM	301(72-642)	224(60-812)	145(38-364)	279(45-926)	177(38-759)
Chandbali D/s	IM	-	-	-	260(56-988)	167(45-679)
Chandbali D/s	NM	-	-	-	302(56-988)	189(45-679)
Deogaon (Kusei)	IM	121(11-628)	55(11-144)	148(28-596)	61(10-210)	32(8-110)
Deogaon (Kusei)	NM	43(11-99)	35(11-56)	129(28-596)	42(10-210)	16(8-30)

Table 6 : Category of water quality of Baitarani river system based on CWQI values

Monitoring station	Category of water quality
Monitoring station	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015
Joda	Good	Good	Good	Good	Fair
Anandpur	Excellent	Good	Good	Fair	Good
Jajpur	Very Good	Good	Fair	Fair	Good
Chandbali U/s	Fair	Fair	Fair	Fair	Fair
Chandbali D/s	Good	Fair	Good	Marginal	Marginal
Deogaon (Kusei)	-	-	-	Marginal	Marginal
Bhadrak U/s (Salandi)	-	-	-	Fair	Fair
Bhadrak D/s(Salandi)	-	-	-	Marginal	Marginal
Dhamra(Dhamra)	Good	Good	Good	Good	Fair